HH: regr1.plot – R documentation

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regr1.plot

plot x and y, with optional straight line fit and display of squared residuals

Description

Plot x and y, with optional fitted line and display of squared residuals. By default the least squares line is calculated and used. Any other straight line can be specified by placing its coefficients in coef.model. Any other fitted model can be calculated by specifying the model argument. Any other function of one variable can be specified in the alt.function argument. At most one of the arguments model, coef.model, alt.function can be specified.

Usage

regr1.plot(x, y,
           model=lm(y~x),
           coef.model,
           alt.function,
           main="put a useful title here",
           xlab=deparse(substitute(x)),
           ylab=deparse(substitute(y)),
           jitter.x=FALSE,
           resid.plot=FALSE,
           points.yhat=TRUE,
           pch=16,
           ..., length.x.set=51,
           x.name,
           pch.yhat=16,
           cex.yhat=par()$cex*.7,
           err=-1)

Arguments

`x`	x variable
`y`	y variable
`model`	Defaults to the simple linear model `lm(y ~ x)`. Any model object with one `x` variable, such as the quadratic `lm(y ~ x + I(x^2))` can be used.
`coef.model`	Defaults to the coefficients of the `model` argument. Other intercept and slope coefficients for a straight line (for example, `c(3,5)`) can be entered to illustrate the sense in which they are not "least squares".
`alt.function`	Any function of a single argument can be placed here. For example, `alt.function=function(x) {3 + 2x + 3x^2}`. All coefficients must be specified.
`main, xlab, ylab`	arguments to `plot`.
`jitter.x`	logical. If `TRUE`, the x is jittered before plotting. Jittering is often helpful when there are multiple y-values at the same level of x.
`resid.plot`	If `FALSE`, then do not plot the residuals. If `"square"`, then call `resid.squares` to plot the squared residuals. If `TRUE` (or anything else), then call `resid.squares` to plot straight lines for the residuals.
`points.yhat`	logical. If `TRUE`, the predicted values are plotted.
`...`	other arguments.
`length.x.set`	number of points used to plot the predicted values.
`x.name`	If the `model` argument used a different name for the independent variable, you might need to specify it.
`pch`	Plotting character for the observed points.
`pch.yhat`	Plotting character for the fitted points.
`cex.yhat`	`cex` for the fitted points.
`err`	The default `-1` suppresses warnings about out of bound points.

Note

This plot is designed as a pedagogical example for introductory courses. When resid.plot=="square", then we actually see the set of squares for which the sum of their areas is minimized by the method of "least squares".

Author(s)

Richard M. Heiberger <rmh@temple.edu>

References

Heiberger, Richard M. and Holland, Burt (2015). Statistical Analysis and Data Display: An Intermediate Course with Examples in R. Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, New York. https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781493921218

Smith, W. and Gonick, L. (1993). The Cartoon Guide to Statistics. HarperCollins.

Examples

data(hardness)

## linear and quadratic regressions
hardness.lin.lm  <- lm(hardness ~ density,                data=hardness)
hardness.quad.lm <- lm(hardness ~ density + I(density^2), data=hardness)

anova(hardness.quad.lm)  ## quadratic term has very low p-value

par(mfrow=c(1,2))

regr1.plot(hardness$density, hardness$hardness,
           resid.plot="square",
           main="squared residuals for linear fit",
           xlab="density", ylab="hardness",
           points.yhat=FALSE,
           xlim=c(20,95), ylim=c(0,3400))

regr1.plot(hardness$density, hardness$hardness,
           model=hardness.quad.lm,
           resid.plot="square",
           main="squared residuals for quadratic fit",
           xlab="density", ylab="hardness",
           points.yhat=FALSE,
           xlim=c(20,95), ylim=c(0,3400))

par(mfrow=c(1,1))

HH

Statistical Analysis and Data Display: Heiberger and Holland

v3.1-43

GPL (>= 2)

Authors

Richard M. Heiberger

Initial release

2020-11-27