model specification. It can be a character of predefined 'JDemetra+' model specification (see Details), an object of class c("regarima_spec","TRAMO_SEATS") or an object of class c("regarima", "TRAMO_SEATS"). The default is "TRfull".

boolean to check the quality of the input series and exclude highly problematic ones: e.g. these with a number of identical observations and/or missing values above pre-specified threshold values.

The time span of the series to be used for the estimation of the RegArima model coefficients (default from 1900-01-01 to 2020-12-31) is controlled by the following six variables: estimate.from, estimate.to, estimate.first, estimate.last, estimate.exclFirst and estimate.exclLast; where estimate.from and estimate.to have priority over remaining span control variables, estimate.last and estimate.first have priority over estimate.exclFirst and estimate.exclLast, and estimate.last has priority over estimate.first.

character in format "YYYY-MM-DD" indicating the start of the time span (e.g. "1900-01-01"). Can be combined with estimate.to.

character in format "YYYY-MM-DD" indicating the end of the time span (e.g. "2020-12-31"). Can be combined with estimate.from.

numeric specifying the number of periods considered at the beginning of the series.

numeric specifying the number of periods considered at the end of the series.

numeric specifying the number of periods excluded at the beginning of the series. Can be combined with estimate.exclLast.

numeric specifying the number of periods excluded at the end of the series. Can be combined with estimate.exclFirst.

numeric, convergence tolerance. The absolute changes in the log-likelihood function are compared to this value to check for the convergence of the estimation iterations.

logicals, exact maximum likelihood estimation. If TRUE the program performs an exact maximum likelihood estimation. If FASLE the Unconditional Least Squares method is used.

numeric, final unit root limit. The threshold value for the final unit root test for identification of differencing orders. If the magnitude of an AR root for the final model is less than this number, a unit root is assumed, the order of the AR polynomial is reduced by one, and the appropriate order of the differencing (non-seasonal, seasonal) is increased.

transformation of the input series: "None" - no transformation of the series; "Log" - takes the log of the series; "Auto" - the program tests for the log-level specification.

numeric controlling the bias in the log/level pre-test: transform.fct > 1 favours levels, transform.fct< 1 favours logs. Considered only when transform.function is set to "Auto".

Control variables for the pre-specified outliers. The pre-specified outliers are used in the model only if they are enabled (usrdef.outliersEnabled=TRUE) and the outliers' type (usrdef.outliersType) and date (usrdef.outliersDate) are provided.

logicals. If TRUE the program uses the pre-specified outliers.

vector defining the outliers' type. Possible types are: ("AO") - additive, ("LS") - level shift, ("TC") - transitory change, ("SO") - seasonal outlier. E.g.: usrdef.outliersType =c("AO","AO","LS").

vector defining the outliers' date. The dates should be characters in format "YYYY-MM-DD". E.g.: usrdef.outliersDate=c("2009-10-01","2005-02-01","2003-04-01").

vector providing fixed coefficients for the outliers. The coefficients can't be fixed if transform.function is set to "Auto" - the series transformation need to be pre-defined. E.g.: usrdef.outliersCoef=c(200,170,20).

Control variables for the user-defined variables:

logicals. If TRUE the program uses the user-defined variables.

time series (ts) or matrix of time series (mts) with the user-defined variables.

vector of character(s) defining the user-defined variables component type. Possible types are: "Undefined", "Series", "Trend", "Seasonal", "SeasonallyAdjusted", "Irregular", "Calendar". The type "Calendar" has to be used with tradingdays.option = "UserDefined" to use user-defined calendar regressors. If not specified, the program will assign the "Undefined" type.

vector providing fixed coefficients for the user-defined variables. The coefficients can't be fixed if transform.function is set to "Auto" - the series transformation need to be pre-defined.

defines whether the calendar effects should be added to the model manually ("Unused") or automatically. In the automatic selection, the choice of the number of calendar variables can be based on the F-Test ("FTest") or the Wald Test ("WaldTest"); the model with higher F value is chosen, provided that it is higher than tradingdays.pftd).

numeric. P-value applied in the test specified by the automatic parameter (tradingdays.mauto) to assess the significance of the pre-tested calendar effects variables and whether they should be included in the RegArima model.

Control variables for the manual selection of calendar effects variables (tradingdays.mauto is set to "Unused"):

defines the type of the trading days regression variables: "TradingDays" - six day-of-the-week regression variables; "WorkingDays" - one working/non-working day contrast variable; "None" - no correction for trading days and working days effects; "UserDefined" - user-defined trading days regressors (regressors have to be defined by the usrdef.var argument with usrdef.varType set to "Calendar" and usrdef.varEnabled = TRUE). "None" has also to be chosen for the "day-of-week effects" correction (tradingdays.stocktd to be modified accordingly).

logicals. Specifies if the leap-year correction should be included. If TRUE the model includes the leap-year effect.

numeric indicating the day of the month when inventories and other stock are reported (to denote the last day of the month set the variable to 31). Modifications of this variable are taken into account only when tradingdays.option is set to "None".

defines the pre-tests of the trading day effects: "None" - calendar variables are used in the model without pre-testing; "Separate_T" - a t-test is applied to each trading day variable separately and the trading day variables are included in the RegArima model if at least one t-statistic is greater than 2.6 or if two t-statistics are greater than 2.0 (in absolute terms); "Joint_F" - a joint F-test of significance of all the trading day variables. The trading day effect is significant if the F statistic is greater than 0.95.

specifies the presence and the length of the Easter effect: "Unused" - Easter effect is not considered; "Standard" - influences the period of n days strictly before Easter Sunday; "IncludeEaster" - influences the entire period (n) up to and including Easter Sunday; "IncludeEasterMonday" - influences the entire period (n) up to and including Easter Monday.

logicals. If TRUE the program uses the Julian Easter (expressed in Gregorian calendar).

numeric indicating the duration of the Easter effect (length in days, between 1 and 15).

logicals. If TRUE the program performs a t-test for the significance of the Easter effect. The Easter effect is considered as significant if the modulus of t-statistic is greater than 1.96.

logicals. If TRUE the automatic detection of outliers is enabled in the defined time span.

The time span of the series to be searched for outliers (default from 1900-01-01 to 2020-12-31) is controlled by the following six variables: outlier.from, outlier.to, outlier.first, outlier.last, outlier.exclFirst and outlier.exclLast; where outlier.from and outlier.to have priority over remaining span control variables, outlier.last and outlier.first have priority over outlier.exclFirst and outlier.exclLast, and outlier.last has priority over outlier.first.

character in format "YYYY-MM-DD" indicating the start of the time span (e.g. "1900-01-01"). Can be combined with outlier.to.

character in format "YYYY-MM-DD" indicating the end of the time span (e.g. "2020-12-31"). Can be combined with outlier.from.

numeric specifying the number of periods considered at the beginning of the series.

numeric specifying the number of periods considered at the end of the series.

numeric specifying the number of periods excluded at the beginning of the series. Can be combined with outlier.exclLast.

numeric specifying the number of periods excluded at the end of the series. Can be combined with outlier.exclFirst.

logicals. If TRUE the automatic detection of additive outliers is enabled (outlier.enabled must be also set to TRUE).

logicals. If TRUE the automatic detection of transitory changes is enabled (outlier.enabled must be also set to TRUE).

logicals. If TRUE the automatic detection of level shifts is enabled (outlier.enabled must be also set to TRUE).

logicals. If TRUE the automatic detection of seasonal outliers is enabled (outlier.enabled must be also set to TRUE).

logicals. If TRUE the critical value for the outliers' detection procedure is automatically determined by the number of observations in the outlier detection time span. If FALSE the procedure uses the inputted critical value (outlier.cv).

numeric. Inputted critical value for the outliers' detection procedure. The modification of this variable is taken in to account only when outlier.usedefcv is set to FALSE.

logicals, exact likelihood estimation method.Controls the method applied for a parameter estimation in the intermediate steps of the automatic detection and correction of outliers. If TRUE an exact likelihood estimation method is used, when FALSE the fast Hannan-Rissanen method is used.

numeric. The rate of decay for the transitory change outlier.

logicals. If TRUE the automatic modelling of the ARIMA model is enabled. If FALSE the parameters of the ARIMA model can be specified.

Control variables for the automatic modelling of the ARIMA model (automdl.enabled is set to TRUE):

logicals. If TRUE the default model (ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)) may be chosen in the first step of the automatic model identification. If the Ljung-Box Q statistics for the residuals is acceptable, the default model is accepted and no further attempt will be made to identify any other.

numeric, cancelation limit. If the difference in moduli of an AR and an MA roots (when estimating ARIMA(1,0,1)(1,0,1) models in the second step of the automatic identification of the differencing orders) is smaller than cancelation limit, the two roots are assumed equal and cancel out.

numeric, first unit root limit. It is the threshold value for the initial unit root test in the automatic differencing procedure. When one of the roots in the estimation of the ARIMA(2,0,0)(1,0,0) plus mean model, performed in the first step of the automatic model identification procedure, is larger than first unit root limit in modulus, it is set equal to unity.

numeric, second unit root limit. When one of the roots in the estimation of the ARIMA(1,0,1)(1,0,1) plus mean model, which is performed in the second step of the automatic model identification procedure, is larger than second unit root limit in modulus, it is checked if there is a common factor in the corresponding AR and MA polynomials of the ARMA model that can be cancelled (see automdl.cancel). If there is no cancellation, the AR root is set equal to unity (i.e. the differencing order changes).

numeric, arma limit. It is the threshold value for t-statistics of ARMA coefficients and constant term used for the final test of model parsimony. If the highest order ARMA coefficient has a t-value less than this value in magnitude, the order of the model is reduced. Also if the constant term has a t-value less than arma limit in magnitude, it is removed from the set of regressors.

numeric, ReduceCV. The percentage by which the outlier's critical value will be reduced when an identified model is found to have a Ljung-Box statistic with an unacceptable confidence coefficient. The parameter should be between 0 and 1, and will only be active when automatic outlier identification is enabled. The reduced critical value will be set to (1-ReduceCV)xCV, where CV is the original critical value.

numeric, Ljung Box limit. Acceptance criterion for the confidence intervals of the Ljung-Box Q statistic. If the LjungBox Q statistics for the residuals of a final model is greater than Ljung Box limit, the model is rejected, the outlier critical value is reduced, and model and outlier identification (if specified) is redone with a reduced value.

logicals. If TRUE the program compares the model identified by the automatic procedure to the default model (ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)) and the model with the best fit is selected. Criteria considered are residual diagnostics, the model structure and the number of outliers.

Control variables for the non-automatic modelling of the ARIMA model (automdl.enabled is set to FALSE):

logicals. If TRUE, the mean is considered as part of the ARIMA model.

numeric. The order of the non-seasonal autoregressive (AR) polynomial.

numeric. Regular differencing order.

numeric. The order of the non-seasonal moving average (MA) polynomial.

numeric. The order of the seasonal autoregressive (AR) polynomial.

numeric. Seasonal differencing order.

numeric. The order of the seasonal moving average (MA) polynomial.

Control variables for the user-defined ARMA coefficients. Coefficients can be defined for the regular and seasonal autoregressive (AR) polynomials and moving average (MA) polynomials. The model considers the coefficients only if the procedure for their estimation (arima.coefType) is provided, and the number of provided coefficients matches the sum of (regular and seasonal) AR and MA orders (p,q,bp,bq).

logicals. If TRUE the program uses the user-defined ARMA coefficients.

vector providing the coefficients for the regular and seasonal AR and MA polynominals. The length of the vector must equal the sum of the regular and seasonal AR and MA orders. The coefficients shall be provided in the order: regular AR (Phi - p elements), regular MA (Theta - q elements), seasonal AR (BPhi - bp elements) and seasonal MA (BTheta - bq elements). E.g.: arima.coef=c(0.6,0.7) with arima.p=1, arima.q=0,arima.bp=1 and arima.bq=0.

vector defining ARMA coefficients estimation procedure. Possible procedures are: "Undefined" - no use of user-defined input (i.e. coefficients are estimated), "Fixed" - fixes the coefficients at the value provided by the user, "Initial" - the value defined by the user is used as initial condition. For orders for which the coefficients shall not be defined, the arima.coef can be set to NA or 0 or the arima.coefType can be set to "Undefined". E.g.: arima.coef = c(-0.8,-0.6,NA), arima.coefType = c("Fixed","Fixed","Undefined").

numeric, forecasts horizon. Length of the forecasts generated by the RegARIMA model in periods (positive values) or years (negative values). By default the program generates two years forecasts (fcst.horizon set to -2).

data frame. Variables referring to: span - time span for the model estimation, tolerance - argument estimate.tol, exact_ml - argument estimate.eml, urfinal - argument esimate.urfinal. The final values can be also accessed with the function s_estimate.

data frame. Variables referring to: tfunction - argument transform.function, fct - argument transform.fct. The final values can be also accessed with the function s_transform.

list including the information on the user-defined variables (userdef), trading.days effect and easter effect. The user-defined part includes: specification - data frame with the information if pre-specified outliers (outlier) and user-defined variables (variables) are included in the model and if fixed coefficients are used (outlier.coef and variables.coef). The final values can be also accessed with the function s_usrdef; outliers - matrixes with the outliers (Predefined and Final). The final outliers can be also accessed with the function s_preOut; and variables - list with the Predefined and Final user-defined variables (series) and its description (description) including the information on the variable type and values of fixed coefficients. The final user-defined variables can be also accessed with the function s_preVar. Within the data frame trading.days variables refer to: automatic - argument tradingdays.mauto, pftd - argument tradingdays.pftd, option - argument tradingdays.option, leapyear - argument tradingdays.leapyear, stocktd - argument tradingdays.stocktd, test - argument tradingdays.test. The final trading.days values can be also accessed with the function s_td. Within the data frame easter variables refer to: type - argument easter.type, julian - argument easter.julian, duration - argument easter.duration, test - argument easter.test. The final easter values can be also accessed with the function s_easter.

data frame. Variables referring to: ao - argument outlier.ao, tc - argument outlier.tc, ls - argument outlier.ls, so - argument outlier.so, usedefcv - argument outlier.usedefcv, cv - argument outlier.cv, eml - argument outlier.eml, tcrate - argument outlier.tcrate. The final values can be also accessed with the function s_out.

list containing a data frame with the ARIMA settings (specification) and matrixes with the information on the pre-specified ARMA coefficients (coefficients). The matrix Predefined refers to the pre-defined model specification and matrix Final to the final specification. Both matrixes contain the value of the ARMA coefficients and the procedure for its estimation. Within the data frame specification the variable enabled refer to the argument automdl.enabled and all the remaining variables (automdl.acceptdefault, automdl.cancel, automdl.ub1, automdl.ub2, automdl.armalimit, automdl.reducecv, automdl.ljungboxlimit, automdl.compare, arima.mu, arima.p, arima.d, arima.q, arima.bp, arima.bd, arima.bq) to the respective function arguments. The final values of the specification can be also accessed with the function s_arima and final pre-specified ARMA coefficients with the function s_arimaCoef.

data frame with the forecast horizon (argument fcst.horizon). The final value can be also accessed with the function s_fcst.

matrix containing the final time span for the model estimation and outliers' detection. Contains the same information as the variable span in the data frames estimate and outliers.The matrix can be also accessed with the function s_span.