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absdpsiMC

Absolute Value of Generator Derivatives via Monte Carlo

Description

Computes the absolute values of the dth generator derivative psi^{(d)} via Monte Carlo simulation.

Usage

absdPsiMC(t, family, theta, degree = 1, n.MC,
          method = c("log", "direct", "pois.direct", "pois"),
          log = FALSE, is.log.t = FALSE)

Arguments

t

numeric vector of evaluation points.
family

Archimedean family (name or object).
theta

parameter value.
degree

order d of the derivative.
n.MC

Monte Carlo sample size.
method

different methods:

"log":

evaluates the logarithm of the sum involved in the Monte Carlo approximation in a numerically stable way;

"direct":

directly evaluates the sum;

"pois.direct":

interprets the sum in terms of the density of a Poisson distribution and evaluates this density directly;

"pois":

as for method="pois" but evaluates the logarithm of the Poisson density in a numerically stable way.
log

if TRUE the logarithm of absdPsi is returned.
is.log.t

if TRUE the argument t contains the logarithm of the “mathematical” t, i.e., conceptually, psi(t, *) == psi(log(t), *, is.log.t=TRUE), where the latter may potentially be numerically accurate, e.g., for t = 10^{500}, where as the former would just return psi(Inf, *) = 0.

Details

The absolute value of the dth derivative of the Laplace-Stieltjes transform psi=LS[F] can be approximated via

(-1)^d psi^{(d)}(t) = int_0^Inf x^d exp(-tx) dF(x) ~= (1/N) sum(k=1..N)V_k^d exp(-V_k t), t > 0,

where V_k ~ F, k in {1,...,N}. This approximation is used where d=degree and N=n.MC. Note that this is comparably fast even if t contains many evaluation points, since the random variates V_k ~ F, k in {1,...,N} only have to be generated once, not depending on t.

Value

numeric vector of the same length as t containing the absolute values of the generator derivatives.

References

Hofert, M., Mächler, M., and McNeil, A. J. (2013). Archimedean Copulas in High Dimensions: Estimators and Numerical Challenges Motivated by Financial Applications. Journal de la Société Française de Statistique 154(1), 25–63.

See Also

Examples

t <- c(0:100,Inf)
set.seed(1)
(ps <- absdPsiMC(t, family="Gumbel", theta=2, degree=10, n.MC=10000, log=TRUE))
## Note: The absolute value of the derivative at 0 should be Inf for
## Gumbel, however, it is always finite for the Monte Carlo approximation
set.seed(1)
ps2 <- absdPsiMC(log(t), family="Gumbel", theta=2, degree=10,
                 n.MC=10000, log=TRUE, is.log.t = TRUE)
stopifnot(all.equal(ps[-1], ps2[-1], tolerance=1e-14))
## Now is there an advantage of using "is.log.t" ?
sapply(eval(formals(absdPsiMC)$method), function(MM)
       absdPsiMC(780, family="Gumbel", method = MM,
                 theta=2, degree=10, n.MC=10000, log=TRUE, is.log.t = TRUE))
## not really better, yet...
copula

Multivariate Dependence with Copulas

v1.0-1
GPL (>= 3) | file LICENCE
Authors
Marius Hofert [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8009-4665>), Ivan Kojadinovic [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2903-1543>), Martin Maechler [aut, cre] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-9910>), Jun Yan [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-7296>), Johanna G. Nešlehová [ctb] (evTestK(), <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-4796>), Rebecca Morger [ctb] (fitCopula.ml(): code for free mixCopula weight parameters)
Initial release
2020-12-07

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