Frankfurter frequencies
Frequencies of references to previous years in issues of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeiting published in 1994.
data(faz)
A data frame with 800 observations on the following 2 variables.
Yeara numeric vector coding years referenced in articles published in 1994.
Frequencya numeric vector for the frequencies with which years are referenced.
Pollman, T. and Baayen, R. H. (2001) Computing historical consciousness. A quantitative inquiry into the presence of the past in newspaper texts, Computers and the Humanities, 35, 237-253.
## Not run:
data(faz)
faz$Distance = 1:nrow(faz)
# ---- visualization
plot(log(faz$Distance), log(faz$Frequency + 1),
xlab = "log Distance", ylab = "log Frequency")
abline(v = log(49), lty=1, col="red") # 1945
abline(v = log(54), lty=1, col="red") # 1940
abline(v = log(76), lty=2, col="blue") # 1918
abline(v = log(80), lty=2, col="blue") # 1914
# ---- breakpoint analysis
deviances = rep(0, nrow(faz)-1)
faz$LogFrequency = log(faz$Frequency + 1)
faz$LogDistance = log(faz$Distance)
for (pos in 1 : (nrow(faz)-1)) { # be patient
breakpoint = log(pos)
faz$ShiftedLogDistance = faz$LogDistance - breakpoint
faz$PastBreakPoint = as.factor(faz$ShiftedLogDistance > 0)
faz.both = lm(LogFrequency~ShiftedLogDistance:PastBreakPoint, data = faz)
deviances[pos] = deviance(faz.both)
}
breakpoint = log(which(deviances == min(deviances)))
# ---- refit and plot
faz$ShiftedLogDistance = faz$LogDistance - breakpoint
faz$PastBreakPoint = as.factor(faz$ShiftedLogDistance > 0)
faz.both = lm(LogFrequency ~ ShiftedLogDistance:PastBreakPoint, data = faz)
plot(faz$LogDistance, faz$LogFrequency,
xlab = "log Distance", ylab = "log Frequency", col = "darkgrey")
lines(faz$LogDistance, fitted(faz.both))
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