ordinal: gumbel – R documentation

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gumbel

The Gumbel Distribution

Description

Density, distribution function, quantile function, random generation, and gradient of density of the extreme value (maximum and minimum) distributions. The Gumbel distribution is also known as the extreme value maximum distribution, the double-exponential distribution and the log-Weibull distribution.

Usage

dgumbel(x, location = 0, scale = 1, log = FALSE, max = TRUE)

pgumbel(q, location = 0, scale = 1, lower.tail = TRUE, max = TRUE)

qgumbel(p, location = 0, scale = 1, lower.tail = TRUE, max = TRUE)

rgumbel(n, location = 0, scale = 1, max = TRUE)

ggumbel(x, max = TRUE)

Arguments

`x,q`	numeric vector of quantiles.
`p`	vector of probabilities.
`n`	number of observations.
`location`	numeric scalar.
`scale`	numeric scalar.
`lower.tail`	logical; if `TRUE` (default), probabilities are P[X <= x] otherwise, P[X > x].
`log`	logical; if `TRUE`, probabilities p are given as log(p).
`max`	distribution for extreme maxima (default) or minima? The default corresponds to the standard right-skew Gumbel distribution.

Details

dgumbel, pgumbel and ggumbel are implemented in C for speed and care is taken that 'correct' results are provided for values of NA, NaN, Inf, -Inf or just extremely small or large.

The distribution functions, densities and gradients are used in the Newton-Raphson algorithms in fitting cumulative link models with clm and cumulative link mixed models with clmm.

Value

pgumbel gives the distribution function, dgumbel gives the density, ggumbel gives the gradient of the density, qgumbel is the quantile function, and rgumbel generates random deviates.

Author(s)

Rune Haubo B Christensen

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumbel_distribution

Examples

## Illustrating the symmetry of the distribution functions:
pgumbel(5) == 1 - pgumbel(-5, max=FALSE) ## TRUE
dgumbel(5) == dgumbel(-5, max=FALSE) ## TRUE
ggumbel(5) == -ggumbel(-5, max=FALSE) ## TRUE

## More examples:
x <- -5:5

(pp <- pgumbel(x))
qgumbel(pp)
dgumbel(x)
ggumbel(x)

(ppp <- pgumbel(x, max=FALSE))
## Observe that probabilities close to 0 are more accurately determined than 
## probabilities close to 1:
qgumbel(ppp, max=FALSE)
dgumbel(x, max=FALSE)
ggumbel(x, max=FALSE)

## random deviates:
set.seed(1)
(r1 <- rgumbel(10))
set.seed(1)
r2 <- -rgumbel(10, max = FALSE)
all(r1 == r2) ## TRUE

ordinal

Regression Models for Ordinal Data

v2019.12-10

GPL (>= 2)

Authors

Rune Haubo Bojesen Christensen [aut, cre]

Initial release

2019-12-10