grouping variable for sampling, equal in length to the number of documents. This will be evaluated in the docvars data.frame, so that docvars may be referred to by name without quoting. This also changes previous behaviours for groups. See news(Version >= "3.0", package = "quanteda") for details.

logical; if TRUE and groups is a factor, then use all levels of the factor when forming the new documents of the grouped object. This will result in a new "document" with empty content for levels not observed, but for which an empty document may be needed. If groups is a factor of dates, for instance, then fill = TRUE ensures that the new object will consist of one new "document" by date, regardless of whether any documents previously existed with that date. Has no effect if the groups variable(s) are not factors.