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bread

Bread for Sandwiches

Description

Generic function for extracting an estimator for the bread of sandwiches.

Usage

bread(x, ...)

Arguments

x

a fitted model object.
...

arguments passed to methods.

Value

A matrix containing an estimator for the expectation of the negative derivative of the estimating functions, usually the Hessian. Typically, this should be an k x k matrix corresponding to k parameters. The rows and columns should be named as in coef or terms, respectively.

The default method tries to extract vcov and nobs and simply computes their product.

References

Zeileis A (2006). “Object-Oriented Computation of Sandwich Estimators.” Journal of Statistical Software, 16(9), 1–16. doi: 10.18637/jss.v016.i09

Zeileis A, Köll S, Graham N (2020). “Various Versatile Variances: An Object-Oriented Implementation of Clustered Covariances in R.” Journal of Statistical Software, 95(1), 1–36. doi: 10.18637/jss.v095.i01

See Also

Examples

## linear regression
x <- sin(1:10)
y <- rnorm(10)
fm <- lm(y ~ x)

## bread: n * (x'x)^{-1}
bread(fm)
solve(crossprod(cbind(1, x))) * 10
sandwich

Robust Covariance Matrix Estimators

v3.0-0
GPL-2 | GPL-3
Authors
Achim Zeileis [aut, cre] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-3766>), Thomas Lumley [aut], Nathaniel Graham [ctb], Susanne Koell [ctb]
Initial release
2020-10-01

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