semTools: htmt – R documentation

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htmt

Assessing Discriminant Validity using Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio

Description

This function assesses discriminant validity through the heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT) of the correlations (Henseler, Ringlet & Sarstedt, 2015). Specifically, it assesses the geometric-mean correlation among indicators across constructs (i.e. heterotrait-heteromethod correlations) relative to the geometric-mean correlation among indicators within the same construct (i.e. monotrait-heteromethod correlations). The resulting HTMT values are interpreted as estimates of inter-construct correlations. Absolute values of the correlations are recommended to calculate the HTMT matrix. Correlations are estimated using the lavCor function in the lavaan package.

Usage

htmt(model, data = NULL, sample.cov = NULL, missing = "listwise",
  ordered = NULL, absolute = TRUE)

Arguments

`model`	lavaan model.syntax of a confirmatory factor analysis model where at least two factors are required for indicators measuring the same construct.
`data`	A `data.frame` or data `matrix`
`sample.cov`	A covariance or correlation matrix can be used, instead of `data`, to estimate the HTMT values.
`missing`	If "listwise", cases with missing values are removed listwise from the data frame. If "direct" or "ml" or "fiml" and the estimator is maximum likelihood, an EM algorithm is used to estimate the unrestricted covariance matrix (and mean vector). If "pairwise", pairwise deletion is used. If "default", the value is set depending on the estimator and the mimic option (see details in lavCor).
`ordered`	Character vector. Only used if object is a `data.frame`. Treat these variables as ordered (ordinal) variables. Importantly, all other variables will be treated as numeric (unless `is.ordered` in `data`). (see also lavCor)
`absolute`	logical. Whether HTMT values should be estimated based on absolute correlations (recommended and default is `TRUE`)

Value

A matrix showing HTMT values (i.e., discriminant validity) between each pair of factors

Author(s)

Ylenio Longo (University of Nottingham; yleniolongo@gmail.com)

Terrence D. Jorgensen (University of Amsterdam; TJorgensen314@gmail.com)

References

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. doi: 10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Voorhees, C. M., Brady, M. K., Calantone, R., & Ramirez, E. (2016). Discriminant validity testing in marketing: an analysis, causes for concern, and proposed remedies. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 119–134. doi: 10.1007/s11747-015-0455-4

Examples

HS.model <- ' visual  =~ x1 + x2 + x3
              textual =~ x4 + x5 + x6
              speed   =~ x7 + x8 + x9 '

dat <- HolzingerSwineford1939[, paste0("x", 1:9)]
htmt(HS.model, dat)

semTools

Useful Tools for Structural Equation Modeling

v0.5-4

GPL (>= 2)

Authors

Terrence D. Jorgensen [aut, cre] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-6773>), Sunthud Pornprasertmanit [aut], Alexander M. Schoemann [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-8798>), Yves Rosseel [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-4477>), Patrick Miller [ctb], Corbin Quick [ctb], Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal [ctb] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-6647>), James Selig [ctb], Aaron Boulton [ctb], Kristopher Preacher [ctb], Donna Coffman [ctb], Mijke Rhemtulla [ctb] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-2424>), Alexander Robitzsch [ctb] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-3132>), Craig Enders [ctb], Ruben Arslan [ctb] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-5658>), Bell Clinton [ctb], Pavel Panko [ctb], Edgar Merkle [ctb] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7158-0653>), Steven Chesnut [ctb], Jarrett Byrnes [ctb], Jason D. Rights [ctb], Ylenio Longo [ctb], Maxwell Mansolf [ctb] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6861-8657>), Mattan S. Ben-Shachar [ctb] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4287-4801>), Mikko Rönkkö [ctb] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7988-7609>)

Initial release