Description

Builds and returns the two-objective ZDT4 test problem. For m objective it is defined as follows

f(\mathbf{x}) = ≤ft(f_1(\mathbf{x}_1), f_2(\mathbf{x})\right)

with

f_1(\mathbf{x}_1) = \mathbf{x}_1, f_2(\mathbf{x}) = g(\mathbf{x}) h(f_1(\mathbf{x}_1), g(\mathbf{x}))

where

g(\mathbf{x}) = 1 + 10 (m - 1) + ∑_{i = 2}^{m} (\mathbf{x}_i^2 - 10\cos(4π\mathbf{x}_i)), h(f_1, g) = 1 - √{\frac{f_1(\mathbf{x})}{g(\mathbf{x})}}

and \mathbf{x}_i \in [0,1], i = 1, …, m. This function has many Pareto-optimal fronts and is thus suited to test the algorithms ability to tackle multimodal problems.

Usage

Arguments

Value

[smoof_multi_objective_function]

References

E. Zitzler, K. Deb, and L. Thiele. Comparison of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms: Empirical Results. Evolutionary Computation, 8(2):173-195, 2000