UTF-8 Character Encoding
UTF-8 text encoding and validation.
as_utf8(x, normalize = FALSE) utf8_valid(x)
x |
character object. |
normalize |
a logical value indicating whether to convert to Unicode composed normal form (NFC). |
as_utf8 converts a character object from its declared encoding
to a valid UTF-8 character object, or throws an error if no conversion
is possible. If normalize = TRUE, then the text gets
transformed to Unicode composed normal form (NFC) after conversion
to UTF-8.
utf8_valid tests whether the elements of a character object
can be translated to valid UTF-8 strings.
For as_utf8, the result is a character object with the same
attributes as x but with Encoding set to "UTF-8".
For utf8_valid a logical object with the same names,
dim, and dimnames as x.
# the second element is encoded in latin-1, but declared as UTF-8
x <- c("fa\u00E7ile", "fa\xE7ile", "fa\xC3\xA7ile")
Encoding(x) <- c("UTF-8", "UTF-8", "bytes")
# attempt to convert to UTF-8 (fails)
## Not run: as_utf8(x)
y <- x
Encoding(y[2]) <- "latin1" # mark the correct encoding
as_utf8(y) # succeeds
# test for valid UTF-8
utf8_valid(x)Please choose more modern alternatives, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox.