a lgb.Dataset object, used for training. Some functions, such as lgb.cv, may allow you to pass other types of data like matrix and then separately supply label as a keyword argument.

Vector of labels, used if data is not an lgb.Dataset

vector of response values. If not NULL, will set to dataset

List of parameters

number of training rounds

verbosity for output, if <= 0, also will disable the print of evaluation during training

evaluation output frequency, only effect when verbose > 0

int. Activates early stopping. Requires at least one validation data and one metric. If there's more than one, will check all of them except the training data. Returns the model with (best_iter + early_stopping_rounds). If early stopping occurs, the model will have 'best_iter' field.

File name to use when writing the trained model to disk. Should end in ".model".

path of model file of lgb.Booster object, will continue training from this model

List of callback functions that are applied at each iteration.

Additional arguments passed to lgb.train. For example

• valids: a list of lgb.Dataset objects, used for validation

• obj: objective function, can be character or custom objective function. Examples include regression, regression_l1, huber, binary, lambdarank, multiclass, multiclass

• eval: evaluation function, can be (a list of) character or custom eval function

• record: Boolean, TRUE will record iteration message to booster$record_evals

• colnames: feature names, if not null, will use this to overwrite the names in dataset

• categorical_feature: categorical features. This can either be a character vector of feature names or an integer vector with the indices of the features (e.g. c(1L, 10L) to say "the first and tenth columns").

• reset_data: Boolean, setting it to TRUE (not the default value) will transform the booster model into a predictor model which frees up memory and the original datasets

• boosting: Boosting type. "gbdt", "rf", "dart" or "goss".

• num_leaves: Maximum number of leaves in one tree.

• max_depth: Limit the max depth for tree model. This is used to deal with overfit when #data is small. Tree still grow by leaf-wise.

• num_threads: Number of threads for LightGBM. For the best speed, set this to the number of real CPU cores, not the number of threads (most CPU using hyper-threading to generate 2 threads per CPU core).